In 1963, he published a book on the history of the Church under the Soviet regime, Les chrétiens en URSS, which was translated into 5 languages.
In 1979 Struve defended his doctoral dissertation on Osip Mandelstam (published in French, then - in the author's translation in Russian).
In the same year he became a full professor at the University of Paris X (Nanterre), and later head of the Department of Slavic Studies.
He translated into French the poetry of Pushkin, Lermontov, Afanasy Fet, Akhmatova and other Russian poets.
A great influence on Struve as a researcher of the history of Russian culture was his private familiarity with Ivan Bunin, Alexei Remizov, Boris Zaitsev, Semyon Frank, Anna Akhmatova and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.