In 1891 he graduated from the Nikolaev General Staff Academy with the rank of captain, and was assigned to serve in the Caucasus Military District.

On March 29, 1901, he was made commander of the 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment, and was awarded the Gold Sword of the Order of St. Anne for his actions in battle during the Russo-Japanese War.

From July 1907, he served as Chief of Staff of the 2nd Caucasus Army Corps, and was promoted to lieutenant general on November 26, 1912.

During the Persian Campaign Baratov was successful in defeating Kerim Pasha's rear troops on August 5, 1915, after the Battle of Kara Killisse.

However, after the British defeat at the Siege of Kut, the Turks launched a massive offensive, forcing Baratov to return to Persia.