He was a key figure in the February Revolution as the Menshevik president of the Executive Committee of Petrograd Soviet.

[1] Chkheidze was born to an aristocratic family in Puti, Kutais Governorate (in the present-day Zestaponi Municipality of the Imereti province of Georgia).

Chairing the Georgian delegation to the Versailles Conference, he tried to gain the Entente's support for the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

[7] Chkheidze, who had 14 years of parliamentary life experience, oversaw the writing of the Constitution by Razhden Arsenidze and 14 other MPs of the majority and the opposition.

In March 1921 when the Red Army invaded Georgia, Chkheidze fled with his family to France via Constantinople.

Chkheidze, Irakly Tsereteli, Datiko Sharashidze, and Kale Kavtaradze formed a group called Oppozitsia.