The takeover by the rulers of Herakleopolis was violent and is reflected in Manetho's description of Achthoes, the founder of the dynasty, as 'more terrible than his predecessors', who 'wrought evil things for those in all Egypt".

At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties.

The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.

[2] The following is a possible list of rulers of the Ninth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as egyptologists have differing opinions about the order of succession within the two dynasties.

This article about subjects relating to ancient Egypt is a stub.