126 (Persian Gulf) Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron formed to be a day bomber unit in World War I and reformed as a fighter unit in World War II.

126 Squadron Royal Flying Corps was formed on 1 March 1918 and became a unit of the Royal Air Force a month later, but it disbanded on 17 August 1918.

The squadron reformed in 1941 as a fighter unit equipped with Hawker Hurricanes and was stationed in Malta to provide air defence for the island.

It was re-equipped with Supermarine Spitfires and then operated from Sicily and Italy.

It moved to the UK in April 1944 and was disbanded on 10 March 1946 after a period equipped with the North American Mustang.