1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps – formed at Point Cook in January 1916,[2] – was referred to by British authorities from 16 March 1916 to February 1918 as "No.

It was equipped with the Brewster Buffalo, an aeroplane that was outclassed in Europe, but considered adequate to build up the defences in Asia.

The inadequacy of the Buffaloes led to their replacement with Hawker Hurricanes in February 1942,[3] but the Japanese offensive could not be halted and by March 1942 the squadron "ceased to be effective".

[3] The squadron re-assembled at Alipore and formed part of the defence of Calcutta, converting to Spitfires in February 1944.

The squadron disbanded officially on 23 August 1945 at RAF Akyab, but kept its aircraft till the end of the month.