Nocturia is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as "the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding (i.e., to urinate)".
[1] The term is derived from Latin nox – "night", and Greek [τα] ούρα – "urine".
[3] The resulting insomnia and sleep deprivation can cause exhaustion, changes in mood, sleepiness, impaired productivity, fatigue, increased risk of accidents, and cognitive dysfunction.
[6][7][8] 25% of falls that older individuals experience happen during the night, of which 25% occur while waking up to void.
[10] Nocturia diagnosis requires knowing the patient's nocturnal urine volume (NUV).
[citation needed] Global polyuria is the continuous overproduction of urine that is not only limited to sleep hours.
This occurs in response to increased fluid intake and is defined as urine outputs of greater than 40 mL/kg/24 hours.
ADH increases water absorption in the collecting duct systems of kidney nephrons, subsequently decreasing urine production.
[16] Similar to the inability to control urination, a disruption of arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels has been proposed for nocturia.
Nocturnal bladder capacity (NBC) is defined as the largest voided volume during the sleep period.
Decreased NBC can be related to other disorders, such as: A significant number of nocturia cases occur from a combination of causes.
If the cause of nocturia is related to benign prostatic hyperplasia or an overactive bladder, surgical actions may be sought out.