Non liquet

In short, the wording will be interpreted if dictionaries and grammar allow to plug the gaps in the law as the state instrument (or ruling) intended.

One last resort in substantively deciding disputes is to seek the system to embrace accepted (lowest common denominator) procedural or non-controversial law of civilized nations.

An instance is the Case Concerning Barcelona Traction, Light, and Power Company, Ltd, which took the doctrine of estoppel into international law.

Such out-of-constrained confines (ex aequo et bono) jurisdiction has been heavily limited or ruled out by most treaty contracting parties as to their substantive obligations.

[5] English jurisprudence holds that municipal courts enforcing international law are not constrained to declare an area non liquet.