[1][2][3][4] For comparison, Goffman describes two other levels of social interaction: " civil inattention", whereby some form of subtle, implicit acknowledgement is provided, and "encounter", which is an explicit engagement.
[3] Goffman gives examples of people commonly subject to nonperson treatment: "... it may be seen in our society in the way we sometimes treat children, servants, Negroes, and mental patients.
Finally, there is an increasing number of technical personnel who are given this status (and take the non-person alignment) at formally organized interplays.
Following the theory of Goffman for nonperson treatment as a technique of diminishing the social status of a person, Roscoe Scarborough applies it to inequal treatment of contingent faculty in American higher education [7] and Jon Frederickson and James F. Rooney do the same for free-lance musicians.
[8] Chapter 7 of the book Absentees: On Variously Missing Persons by Daniel Heller-Roazen contains a discussion of Erving Goffman’s work on social participation and exclusion, in particular, the concept of "nonperson treatment".