North European hypothesis

[note 1] According to Penka, the first to propose a Nordic Urheimat, the primitive Indo-European people had to be sedentary farmers native of the north, formed without external interference since the Paleolithic.

[2] The presence of a term to indicate copper (*ayes) in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European vocabulary would restrict the homeland (Urheimat) in a culture of the late Neolithic or the Chalcolithic.

[5] For Boettcher, the very first period of formation of the future proto-Indo-European peoples began in the late Paleolithic, when global warming, which followed the Würm glaciation, allowed to the hunter-gatherers settled in the glacial shelters to repopulate northern Europe, now free of ice.

They are described as a developing warrior society, which deals with trade and piracy, going up the rivers to raid the lands occupied by the Danubian farmers of the southern plains, subduing them and become their leaders.

The fusion of these two populations gave rise to the so-called Funnelbeaker culture (4200–2600 BC), extended from the Netherlands to north-western Ukraine,[8] which would be the original habitat of the first Indo-Europeans.