Adiniops Myers, 1924 Fundulosoma Ahl, 1924 Zononothobranchius Radda, 1969 Aphyobranchius Wildekamp, 1977 Paranothobranchius Seegers, 1985 Nothobranchius is a genus of small, freshwater killifish, classified in the family Nothobranchiidae[1][2] in the order Cyprinodontiformes.

[1] They are primarily native to East Africa from Sudan to northern South Africa, whereas a dozen species are found in the upper Congo River Basin; the greatest species richness is in Tanzania.

The embryos survive the dry season by entering diapause, facilitated by their specialized eggs that have a very hard chorion and are resistant to desiccation and hypoxia.

[3] These species reach maturity very quickly once diapause is broken and have a very short life span; one species, Nothobranchius furzeri, reaches maturity in 17 days and seldom lives beyond 6 months.

[3] From Greek νοθοσ / nothos: false, spurious, and βράγχια / bránchia: gill.