See text Notoungulata is an extinct order of ungulates that inhabited South America from the early Paleocene to the end of the Pleistocene, living from approximately 61 million to 11,000 years ago.

Notoungulata are the largest group of South American native ungulates, with over 150 genera in 14 families having been described, divided into two major subgroupings, Typotheria and Toxodontia.

Notoungulata is divided into two major suborders, Typotheria and Toxodontia, alongside some basal groups (Notostylopidae and Henricosborniidae) which are potentially paraphyletic.

Panperissodactyla has been proposed as the name of an unranked clade to include perissodactyls and their extinct South American ungulate relatives.

Recent studies, however, have concluded that Arctostylopida are more properly classified as gliriforms, and that the notoungulates were therefore never found outside South and Central America.

[10] Henricosbornia Simpsonotus Notostylops Pyrotherium Pampahippus Rhyphodon Thomashuxleya Periphragnis Pleurostylodon Asmodeus Homalodotherium Colpodon Ancylocoelus Leontinia Scarrittia Eomorphippus Eurygenium Rhynchippus Morphippus Pascualihippus Argyrohippus Nesodon Adinotherium Posnanskytherium Hoffstetterius Toxodon Colbertia Oldfieldthomasia Campanorco Acropithecus Ultrapithecus Notopithecus Federicoanaya Protypotherium Miocochilius Archaeophylus Plagiarthrus Interatherium Cochilius Eohyrax Pseudhyrax Plesiotypotherium Mesotherium Trachytherus Archaeotypotherium Archaeohyrax Prohegetotherium Hegetotherium Prosotherium Paedotherium Notoungulates varied widely in body size, with early diverging notoungulates like Simpsonotus, and some hegetotheriid and interatheriid typotherians having a body mass of approximately 1–2 kilograms (2.2–4.4 lb), while the toxodontid Toxodon is suggested to have had a body mass exceeding 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb).

[12] The Miocene toxodontian Homalodotherium had claws on its forelimbs and is thought to have had an ecology similar to the extinct chalicotheres, rearing on its hindlegs to feed.

[15] As part of the Great American interchange, the toxodontid Mixotoxodon migrated into Central and North America, with its furthest northern record being in Texas.