[2] The highway is part of the Prince Edward Island loop of the Trans-Canada Highway and connects the Northumberland Ferries terminal in Caribou in the north with the mainline Trans-Canada at Highway 104 near Mount William in the south, 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of New Glasgow.

The route bypasses to the west side of New Glasgow by running along the centre of Abercrombie Point.

[4] A traffic circle at the west end of Pictou, known as the Pictou Rotary, connects Highway 106 with the centre of town as well as Trunk 6 (the Sunrise Trail) and Route 376.

The route is a super two expressway except for a short section of at-grade two lane highway near the northern terminus.

The route ends in Caribou at the Northumberland Ferries terminal to Prince Edward Island, where the Trans-Canada Highway designation continues as Prince Edward Island Highway 1.