Traces of a historic settlement dating to the 14th–15th century have also been found, including a large amount of iron tools and fragments related to blacksmithing.

The Treaty of the Pruth (1711) defined the border between Zaporizhia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as following the rivers Synyukha, Velyka Vys and Tyasmyn.

Following the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39), the Russian government began to restore settlements destroyed by Tatar raids along the Polish border.

The regiment constructed a pentagonal fortification with earthen ramparts inside a bend of the river, adding bastions to each corner.

In 1742, Kapnist, with the consent of Stanisław Potocki [uk], the count of Torhovytsia, dispatched а cossack known as David of Zvenigorod to Podolia to bring back twenty Ukrainian families to settle the town.

In a complaint received by the Governor of Kyiv in 1747, a Polish nobleman accused an officer at Arkhanhelohorod by the name of J. Chechel of harbouring haidamaka ("thieves and brigands").

In 1752, Arkhanhelohorod became part of New Serbia, when the Russian authorities invited Serbians from the Austro-Hungarian Empire to settle the frontier region.

At this point the settlement, now known as Novoarkhanhelsk, was home to civilians engaged in farming, beekeeping, fishing, trading and craftsmanship, in addition to the military garrison.

Novoarkhanhelsk played an important role in the Battle of Uman as part of the Soviet forces' supply line.

After the battle, Novoarkhanhelsk was occupied as part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and a prisoner of war camp was set up there.

The occupation ended on 12 March 1944, when the 110th Guards Rifle Division of the 53rd Army, 2nd Ukrainian Front, under the command of Colonel D. P. Sobolev, recaptured Novoarkhanhelsk.