It has the opposite effect of a nuclear localization signal, which targets a protein located in the cytoplasm for import to the nucleus.
[3] Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is composed of nucleotides, and thus, lacks the nuclear export signal to move out of the nucleus.
In human language, this is an extension of the "common pattern" that includes hydrophilic residues surrounding it as well as slight variations in the length of xxx and xx fragments seen above.
GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) then hydrolyze the Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP, and this causes a shape change and subsequent exportin release.
Once no longer bound to Ran, the exportin molecule loses affinity for the nuclear cargo as well, and the complex falls apart.
Due to the usually rapid proliferation of tumour cells, survivin is more expressed during the presence of cancer.
The export mediated by CRM1 can be effectively inhibited by the fungicide leptomycin B (LMB), providing excellent experimental verification of this pathway.
[8] NESbase is a database of proteins with experimentally verified leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NES).