President Biden nominated Choudhury to the seat vacated by Judge Joseph F. Bianco, who was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on May 17, 2019.

Her testimony caused several law enforcement groups, including the Fraternal Order of Police and the Sergeants Benevolent Association, to oppose her nomination.

[15] On January 3, 2023, her nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate; she was renominated later the same day.

"[20] Choudhury is the third ACLU lawyer to be confirmed directly to the federal bench as an Article III judge after Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1980 and Dale Ho one day prior on June 14, 2023.

[24] Choudhury's father won a Fulbright grant to come to the United States and worked in the Chicago area for 40 years as a physician.