Signed to the McLaren Young Driver Programme from 2010 to 2019, De Vries won his first championship at the Formula Renault Eurocup in 2014 with Koiranen.

De Vries graduated to sportscar racing that year, competing in the LMP2 class of the FIA World Endurance Championship with Nederland.

A test and reserve driver for Williams, Mercedes, McLaren and Aston Martin, de Vries made his Formula One debut with the former at the 2022 Italian Grand Prix, as a substitute for Alexander Albon.

De Vries moved back to Formula E with Mahindra for his 2023–24 campaign, and signed for Toyota in the Hypercar class of WEC in 2024, winning the 6 Hours of Imola.

De Vries achieved his first podium finish at his debut race in Alcañiz with a second place, and he managed to repeat this result at the Hungaroring.

In addition, de Vries took part in several races of the Formula Renault 2.0 NEC, in which he managed a victory at his home track in Assen.

De Vries' first victory of the campaign in the sprint race at Le Castellet was followed by a point-less round in Austria and two finishes outside the top five in Silverstone.

[6][7] However, even with his sixth podium of the season in the Sochi feature race, de Vries was unable to finish in the top three in the standings, being beaten by Alex Albon and Lando Norris by ten and 17 points respectively.

In 2019, de Vries remained in Formula 2, returning to his former team ART Grand Prix alongside 2018 GP3 vice-champion Nikita Mazepin.

After his fourth and final victory of the season, which came at the penultimate round in Sochi, de Vries was mathematically crowned Formula 2 champion.

[13] On 15 March 2018, de Vries signed for Racing Team Nederland to compete in the LMP2 class of the FIA World Endurance Championship.

[18] During the test week prior to the 2022 24 Hours of Le Mans the ACO officials prohibited TDS Racing x Vaillante driver Philippe Cimadomo from starting.

[19] The Dutch driver ended up finishing fourth in class alongside Mathias Beche and Tijmen van der Helm, setting the fastest top 20 average laptime.

[20] On 20 November 2023, de Vries was announced as one of the primary drivers for the #7 Toyota Gazoo Racing Hypercar, replacing the outgoing José María López.

[21] Having qualified second for the season-opening race in Qatar, de Vries managed to take his first overall WEC victory at Imola, profiting from an impressive stint by veteran teammate Kamui Kobayashi.

[26] He qualified on pole for the first race of the season-opening Diriyah ePrix double-header, proceeding to lead every lap en route to his first-ever victory in the series.

De Vries achieved his second victory of the season in Valencia, where he was one of the only drivers to not run out of usable energy before the end of the race.

Having qualified 13th for the final race of the season, de Vries was given an early advantage when title rivals Mitch Evans and Edoardo Mortara collided at the start, and fellow contender Jake Dennis was involved in a crash shortly after the restart.

[39] For the French Grand Prix, de Vries ran in another practice session at Mercedes, taking seven-time World Champion Lewis Hamilton's place.

[40] De Vries then again drove a Mercedes in free practice for the Mexico City Grand Prix in place of George Russell.

He qualified 15th making Q2 for the first time at the Australian Grand Prix but he retired from a chaotic race after Logan Sargeant crashed into the back of him taking both cars out and he was classified in 15th.

De Vries Qualified and finished the race 18th in Canada whilst coming under criticism for forcing Kevin Magnussen off the road on lap 35.

[50][51] Prior to his dismissal, de Vries was criticised for his performance, most notably by Red Bull motorsport advisor Helmut Marko.

[56] In 2024, De Vries would take part in two of the final three rounds in Motegi and Fuji Speedway, thus making his Super Formula debut with Team Impul.

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap) 2014–15  N. Piquet Jr. 2015–16  S. Buemi 2016–17  L. di Grassi 2017–18  J. Vergne 2018–19  J. Vergne 2019–20  A. da Costa 2020–21  N. de Vries 2021–22  S. Vandoorne 2022–23  J. Dennis 2023–24  P. Wehrlein 2005  N. Rosberg 2006  L. Hamilton 2007  T. Glock 2008  G. Pantano 2009  N. Hülkenberg 2010  P. Maldonado 2011  R. Grosjean 2012  D. Valsecchi 2013  F. Leimer 2014  J. Palmer 2015  S. Vandoorne 2016  P. Gasly 2017  C. Leclerc 2018  G. Russell 2019  N. de Vries 2020  M. Schumacher 2021  O. Piastri 2022  F. Drugovich 2023  T. Pourchaire 2024  G. Bortoleto 1991  J. Plato 1992  P. de la Rosa 1993  O. Couvreur 1994  J. Matthews 1995  C. Sauvage 1996  E. Bernoldi 1997  J. van Hooydonk 1998  B. Besson 1999  G. Bruni 2000  F. Massa 2001  A. Farfus 2002  E. Salignon 2003  E. Guerrieri 2004  S. Speed 2005  K. Kobayashi 2006  F. Albuquerque 2007  B. Hartley 2008  V. Bottas 2009  A. Costa 2010  K. Korjus 2011  R. Frijns 2012  S. Vandoorne 2013  P. Gasly 2014  N. de Vries 2015  J. Aitken 2016  L. Norris 2017  S. Fenestraz 2018  M. Fewtrell 2019  O. Piastri 2020  V. Martins