[3] The Ilizarov apparatus is a specialized external fixator of modular construction, composed of rings (stainless steel, titanium) that are transfixed to healthy bone with Kirschner wires and pins of heavy-gauge stainless steel, and immobilised in place with additional rings and threaded rods that are attached with and through adjustable nuts.

The circular construction of the apparatus, the rods, and the controlled tautness of the Kirschner wires immobilises the damaged limb to allow healing.

[4] The mechanical functions of the Ilizarov apparatus are based upon the principles of tension (pulling force), wherein the controlled application of mechanical tension to the damaged limb immobilises the broken bones, and so facilitates the biological process of distraction osteogenesis (the regeneration of bone and soft tissue) in a reliable and reproducible manner.

[8] The photographs and radiographs illustrate the application and emplacement of an external fixator, an Ilizarov apparatus, to repair the open fracture of the lower left leg of a man.

Upon completing the bone-lengthening phase of treatment, the Ilizarov apparatus remains emplace for a period of osteopathic consolidation, the ossification of the regenerated bone tissues.

Installing the Ilizarov apparatus requires minimally invasive surgery, and is not free of medical complications, such as inflammation, muscle transfixion, and contracture of the affected joint.