Oeneis tarpeja is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

It is found from the Caucasus and Volga region across Kazakhstan and southern Siberia to the Amur region and Mongolia.

In Ukraine this species became extirpated in the mid-twentieth century.

The habitat consists of steppe-clad plains and foothills.

The larvae feed on Poa avena and Festuca ovina.