Old Prussian began to be written down in the Latin alphabet in about the 13th century, and a small amount of literature in the language survives.

Compare the words for 'land': Old Prussian semmē [zemē], Latvian: zeme, Lithuanian: žemė, Russian: земля́, (zemljá) and Polish: ziemia.

[14] Until the 1938 changing of place names in East Prussia, Old Prussian river- and place-names, such as Tawe and Tawellningken, could still be found.

[24] In the 1980s, linguists Vladimir Toporov and Vytautas Mažiulis started reconstructing the Prussian language as a scientific project and a humanitarian gesture.

[5]: 4–7 [25] Moreover, some bands use Revived Prussian, most notably in the Kaliningrad Oblast by the bands Romowe Rikoito,[26] Kellan[27] and Āustras Laīwan, as well as in Lithuania by Kūlgrinda on their 2005 album Prūsų Giesmės ('Prussian Hymns'),[28] and Latvia by Rasa Ensemble in 1988[29] and Valdis Muktupāvels in his 2005 oratorio "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" featuring several parts sung in Prussian.

ā (tōwis : tāws 'father'; brōte : brāti 'brother'), which influences the nominative suffixes of feminine ā-stems (crauyō [kraujō] : krawia 'blood').

[36]: 41–42, 47 [37]: 40 [19]: 355–356 Most scholars agree that there are two numbers, singular and plural, in Old Prussian,[36]: 41–42, 47 [37]: 40 [19]: 353  while some consider remnants of a dual identifiable in the existent corpus.

[38][39][35]: 198 There is no consensus on the number of cases that Old Prussian had, and at least four can be determined with certainty: nominative, genitive, accusative and dative, with different suffixes.

As the authors of many sources were themselves not proficient in Old Prussian, they wrote the words as they heard them using the orthographical conventions of their mother tongue.

Georg Gerullis undertook the first basic study of these names in Die altpreußischen Ortsnamen ('The Old Prussian Place-names'), written and published with the help of Walter de Gruyter, in 1922.

It was found in 1825 by Fr Neumann among other manuscripts acquired by him from the heritage of the Elbing merchant A. Grübnau; it was thus dubbed the Codex Neumannianus.

[2]: 4 The following fragments are commonly thought of as Prussian, but are probably actually Lithuanian (at least the adage, however, has been argued to be genuinely West Baltic, only an otherwise unattested dialect[43]): Additionally, there is one manuscript fragment of the first words of the Pater Noster in Prussian, from the beginning of the 15th century:[2]: 437 Towe Nüsze kås esse andangonsün swyntins Vytautas Mažiulis lists another few fragmentary texts recorded in several versions by Hieronymus Maletius in the Sudovian Book in the middle of the 16th century.

[2]: 7; 437 In addition to the texts listed beneath, there are several colophons written by Prussian scriptors who worked in Prague and in the court of Lithuanian duke Butautas Kęstutaitis.

[2]: 33–35 [44] It reads: Kayle rekyse thoneaw labonache thewelyse Eg koyte poyte nykoyte pênega doyte Cheers, Sir!

This jocular inscription was most probably made by a Prussian student studying in Prague (Charles University); found by Stephen McCluskey (1974) in manuscript MS F.V.2 (book of physics Questiones super Meteororum by Nicholas Oresme), fol.

Because of this, the Enchiridion exhibits many irregularities, such as the lack of case agreement in phrases involving an article and a noun, which followed word-for-word German originals as opposed to native Old Prussian syntax.

[20]: XXVII [2]: 8–9 The "Trace of Crete" is a short poem added by a Baltic writer in Chania to a manuscript of the Logica Parva by Paul of Venice.

Lord's Prayer in Old Prussian (from the so-called "1st Catechism")[2]: 118, 122 [36]: 4 Thawe nuson kas tu asse andangon.

Amen Lord's Prayer after Simon Grunau (Curonian)[19]: 297 [46][36]: XV Nossen thewes cur tu es delbes sweytz gischer tho wes wardes penag munis tholbe mystlastilbi tolpes prahes girkade delbeszisne tade symmes semmes worsunii dodi mommys an nosse igdemas mayse unde gaytkas pames mumys nusze noszeginu cademes pametam musen prettane kans newede munis lawnā padomā swalbadi munis nowusse loyne Jhesus amen.

Lord's Prayer after Prätorius (Curonian)[47]: 703 [a] Thewes nossen, cur tu es Debbes, Schwisch gesger thowes Wardes; Pena mynis thowe Wiswalstybe; Toppes Patres gir iat Delbeszisne, tade tymnes senjnes Worsinny; Annosse igdenas Mayse dodi mums szon Dien; Pamutale mums musu Noschegun, kademas pametan nousson Pyktainekans; No wede numus panam Paadomam; Swalbadi names ne wust Tayne.

Lord's Prayer in Lithuanian dialect of Insterburg (Prediger Hennig)[47]: 707 Tewe musu, kurs essi Danguje, Buk szwenczamas Wardas tawo, Ateik tawo Karalijste; Buk tawo Walle kaip Danguje, taip ir an Zemes; Duna musu dieniszka duk mums ir sze Diena; Atleisk mums musu Kaltes, kaip mes atoeidzjam sawo Kaltiems; Ne wesk mus Pagundima; Bet gelbek mus nu Pikto.

Lord's Prayer in Lithuanian dialect of Nadruvia, corrupted (Simon Praetorius)[47]: 708 Tiewe musu, kursa tu essi Debsissa, Szwints tiest taws Wards; Akeik mums twa Walstybe; Tawas Praats buk kaip Debbesissa taibant wirszu Sjemes; Musu dieniszka May e duk mums ir szen Dienan; Atmesk mums musu Griekus, kaip mes pammetam musi Pardokonteimus; Ne te wedde mus Baidykle; Bet te passarge mus mi wissa Louna (Pikta)