West Baltic languages

[14] Sudovian and Old Curonian shared the suffix -ng-, which can be observed in various hydronyms and oeconyms (e.g. Apsingė, Nedzingė, Pilvingis, Suvingis, Palanga, Alsunga) found in southern Lithuania, western Lithuania and Latvia.

[16] There are differences in vocalic variations in the root (aR / eR and a / e) between East and West Baltic languages that possibly emerged due to development of Baltic phonology, categories of word-formation, categorical semantics of the verb or traces of IE perfect.

[17] Findings on the Lithuanian Zatiela subdialect in present-day Dyatlovo suggest that it had preserved certain linguistic traits associated with West Baltic languages, primarily Sudovian, such as the incomplete transition of diphthong ei to ie (e.g. sviekas ‘hello’, sviekata ‘health’, pasviek ‘get well’), turn of vowel u into i before consonant v (e.g. brivai ‘eyebrows’, liživis ‘tongue’, živis, živė ‘fish’), use of diphthong ai instead of a (e.g. dailyti ‘distribute’), shortening of nominal singular endings (e.g. arkluks ‘little horse’, dieus, dies ‘god’, niks ‘nothing’, vaiks ‘child’), use of consonant z instead of ž (e.g. ząsis, ząsė ‘goose’, zvėris, zvėrys ‘beast’, zvaiždė ‘star’).

The said subdialect is believed to have retained an archaic feature from the Sudovian language — the usage of compound consonants šč, št, žd and st without inserting consonants k, g (e.g. auštas ‘high, tall’, pauštė ‘bird’, spiūsna ‘feather’, žvirždos ‘sand, pebble’) — which also corresponds to examples found in Old Prussian (e.g. aūss ‘gold’, rīsti ‘whip’).

Old literary Lithuanian texts from Lithuania Minor attest the use of the third person singular past tense form bit(i) ‘was’ as well as prefix–preposition sa(-), which are most likely linguistic features inherited from West Baltic languages.