Oley Creek begins in Foster Township, on the northern side of Green Mountain.

It flows north for some distance before crossing Interstate 80 and receiving the tributary Long Hollow.

The creek passes by a strip mine and turns west, exiting Dennison Township.

[3] There is a pond with a surface area of 2.2 acres (8,900 m2) that is located at the headwaters of an unnamed tributary of the creek.

[8] All of the Class A Wild Trout Waters on Oley Creek are public and open.

[9] Oley Creek's name comes from the historic community of Oley, in Berks County, which in turn may derive from the Delaware words olink, wólink, olo, or wahlo, which mean "a cavern cell, a sinkhole, a dug hole to bury anything in, as also a tract of land encompassed by high hills".

[6] Historically, Oley Creek was on the western edge of the territory of the Munsee people.

In 2000, the Eastern Pennsylvania Marine Properties Company purchased 2,000 acres (810 ha) on the lake.

[11] Although Oley Creek is considered to be an infertile stream, it is also designated as a Class A Wild Brook Trout fishery for a 2.3-mile-long (3.7 km) stretch from the mouth of Long Hollow downstream to Interstate 80.