Olof af Acrel was born at Österåker, and was the brother of the missionary Israel Acrelius.
From 1740, he spent several years in Germany and France, studying at the University of Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller and also in Paris and Strasbourg.
In 1743, during the War of the Austrian Succession, he was appointed acting chief surgeon at a French military hospital in Lauterbourg, Alsace.
A year later, the town was captured by German troops and, after being briefly imprisoned, Acrel returned to Sweden.
[4] In 1752, he was appointed chief surgeon of the newly founded Seraphim Hospital in Stockholm,[5] and as professor of surgery in 1755.