Simpsonichthys ilheusensis Costa & Lima, 2010 Ophthalmolebias ilheusensis is a killifish from the family Rivulidae which is endemic to Brazil where it is only known from river floodplains near Ilhéus in Bahia.

[1] Fishbase has this as the only species in the genus Opthamolebias with the other five species which other authorities classify as being within that genus placed in Simpsonichthys.

[2][3] The genus Ophthalmolebias was initially considered a subgenus of Simpsonichthys, but has been elevated to full genus status.

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