Ophthalmotrope

An ophthalmotrope is an apparatus for demonstrating the movements of the eye and the action of the different muscles which produce them, consisting essentially of a model eyeball to which are attached strings and pulleys to duplicate the line force of the muscles.

Many mechanical models of eye movements have been constructed and studied in the nineteenth century.

The degree of muscle contraction or extension can be measured on a scale at the back of the model.

Recently, Schreiber and Schor [5] have published a modern software version of ophthalmotrope.

The virtual ophthalmotrope presented by Schreiber and Schor is a modification and extension of Donders' design,[6] by adding Listing's extended law and displacement plane geometry to its basic visualization capabilities.