The prison was established by an act of the Oregon State Legislature in 1955 and opened in 1959.

[1] OSCI typically houses younger inmates,[citation needed] including young adults who began their sentence in a youth detention center.

[1] Inmates at OSCI are permitted to work in its print shop and mail room, and provide telephone services for the Oregon DMV.

[2] As of August 2024[update], OSCI has a maximum capacity of 888 inmates, with approximately 350 beds designated for transitional release inmates who go through programs intended to prepare them for release to the community.

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