In 1864 the unit was transferred to the First Indian Brigade under Native American Brigadier General Stand Watie and fought under his command at the Second Battle of Cabin Creek on September 19, 1864.

[1] The Indian Territory, modern Oklahoma, lay immediately to the south of Kansas and had recently been designated a home for the Five Civilized Tribes of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.

[1] After the outbreak of the war, the Confederacy was keen to sign military treaties with the Indian tribes to secure their western frontier and diplomatic advances were made towards the Osage.

The White Hair, Big Hill, Clermont and Black Dog bands of the Great Osage signed a cooperation treaty with the Confederacy on October 2, 1861.

[10] Recruitment to the battalion was hindered by the killing of John Allen Mathews by Union forces, which led to the withdrawal of the White Hair and Big Hill bands from the treaty.

[6][12][14] From June 23, 1863, the battalion formed part of General Douglas H. Cooper's brigade of the Trans-Mississippi Department and participated in raids on Union-held territory.

[21] The American Civil War is considered to have ended on May 9, 1865, with Union president Andrew Johnson's declaration of the same, but isolated units continued to be active after this time.