Ostheim vor der Rhön is a town in Northern Bavaria in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld in Franconia.

However, in the 1580s and 1590s, a powerful Counter-Reformation effort led by Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, reconverted most of the Streutal (the Streu valley, in northern Franconia) back to Catholicism.

Ostheim was sacked by Imperial troops in 1634 during the Thirty Years War, but survived and retained its distinctive character.

Ostheim is located on the Bundesstraße 285, the Bundesautobahn 71 is about ten kilometers away and accessible via the connection point Mellrichstadt.

The railway station of the city, on the route Mellrichstadt-Fladungen of Streutalbahn is operated only seasonally in the museum traffic.