Ottavia Penna Buscemi (12 April 1907 – 2 December 1986) was an Italian politician.

She was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1946 as one of the first group of women parliamentarians in Italy.

After growing up in Caltagirone, she attended college in Poggio Imperiale and the Trinità dei Monti in Rome.

She returned to her hometown and married Filippo Buscemi Galasso, a doctor.

On 28 June she was her party's nominee in the election for a head of state, the first woman to be a candidate for what would become the presidency; she finished third in the voting behind Enrico De Nicola and Cipriano Facchinetti.