[10][11] Oxytocin receptors are expressed by the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland, and in both the myometrium and endometrium of the uterus at the end of pregnancy.

The oxytocin-oxytocin receptor system plays an important role as an inducer of uterine contractions during parturition and of milk ejection.

A-allele carrier individuals are associated with more sensitivity to stress, fewer social skills, and more mental health issues than the GG-carriers.

[15][qualify evidence] A-allele individuals scored lower in human sociality than GG people on a Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire.

[19][quantify][additional citation(s) needed] Some evidence suggests an association between OXTR gene polymorphism, IQ, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

[20] Studies have done research focusing on variants in the third intron of the gene, a region that is strongly correlated with personality traits and ASD.

[22][23] However the search for a druggable, non-peptide template has led to several potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable oxytocin antagonists.