The municipality is located in rugged hill and mountain terrains, and varies in altitude between 2,400–2,800 metres (7,900–9,200 ft) above sea level.

[3][4] It is located on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Eje Volcánico Transversal, Sierra Nevada) mountain ranges system.

Agriculture is nearly a non-existent factor in the economy, as the small-scale farming and livestock raising in the hills is for family or local consumption.

[citation needed] Despite its decline in the 20th century, mining still continues to be an important element of Pachuca's economy.

The municipality's economy also has a large commercial sector, with numerous stores and thirteen public markets.

[3] The majority of the residents are Roman Catholic, but there is a significant percentage of Protestants, mostly descendants of English miners.