Paeonia peregrina is a species of flowering plant in the peony family Paeoniaceae, native to Southeastern Europe and Turkey.

Single, glossy red flowers, 10–13 cm (4–5 in) in diameter, with prominent yellow stamens, are borne in spring (May in the Northern Hemisphere).

According to Homer, Paean was the physician of the Olympian gods, considered by Hesiod as an individual deity who "knows the remedies for all things".

[2] Paeonia peregrina is a Balkan species native to south-eastern Europe, distributed from Italy, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania to Turkey (Anatolia) and Moldova.

The project proposing the peony as the national flower was reactivated in June 2013 headed by professor Florin Toma of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest.