It is located on the Yugorsky Peninsula, in the eastern part of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The highest point of Pay-Khoy is the mountain of Moreiz (467 metres (1,532 ft)).

The closest permanent settlements are Amderma and Ust-Kara, Nenets Autonomous Okrug The range is located in the tundra, to the north of the tree line.

The Pay-Khoy range forms a curved orogen together with the Ural Mountains, Vaygach Island and the Novaya Zemlya archipelago.

The Pay-Khoy and Novaya Zemlya are younger than the orogeny that formed the Ural mountains.