Prehistoric demography

[1] More specifically, palaeodemography looks at the changes in pre-modern populations in order to determine something about the influences on the lifespan and health of earlier peoples.

The increasing availability of DNA sequencing since the late 1990s has allowed estimates on Paleolithic effective population sizes.

[10] The authors also note that their model disfavours the assumption of an early (pre-Out-of-Africa) population bottleneck affecting all of Homo sapiens.

[11] According to a 2015 study, the total land area of Africa, Eurasia, and Sahul that was habitable to humans during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was around 76,959,712.4 km2.

Sahul's population density was significantly lower than that of Afro-Eurasia, being calculated as only 0.005 humans per km2 during the time just prior to the LGM.