Pamalayu

The Pamalayu campaign was a diplomatic and military expeditionary force sent by the Javanese King Kertanegara of Singhasari to conquer the Sumatran Melayu Kingdom.

The Padang Roco Inscription dated from 1286 states that a religious statue of Amoghapasa was established at Dharmasraya on the orders of Kertanagara, and that all the inhabitants of Melayu and especially their king, Tribhuwanaraja rejoiced at the presentation of the gifts.

The expedition ended when Kertanegara was killed in 1292, and the forces of Mahisa Anabrang decided to return to Java to bring the two Malay princesses.

Indrawarman Javanese forces adopted local Batak Simalungun clan surnames like Saragih-Silo, and Siregar as well as founding new ones like Damanik, Purba, and Girsang.

[5] Sang Nata Pulang Pali, one of the noble leader of the expedition, diverted his forces to Tanjungpura instead of coming home to Java.

He gained the trust and followers among local people by distributing salt,[6] and with their help, he founded Landak kingdom, and crowned himself Ratu Sang Nata Pulang Pali I.