[citation needed] Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is endemic to Mount Kinabalu on Borneo Island, which is a part of the Malaysian state of Sabah.

In 1959, two populations of Paphiopedilum rothschildianum were discovered at the base of Mount Kinabalu, drawing the attention of orchid collectors worldwide.

[2] Furthermore, continued exploitation for horticulture, as well as other disturbances such as mining activities, logging, and habitat destruction (by fire in one specific case), have also been to blame for the significant decrease in Paphiopedilum rothschildianum's natural occurrence.

[1] Preservation attempts are currently underway to protect the orchid, and it is hoped that in the future, propagated Paphiopedilum rothschildianum may be reintroduced into its natural habitat.

[2] In the meantime, preservation attempts such as fencing the protected areas and securing them more fully have been suggested, alongside more community awareness so that Paphiopedilum rothschildianum may be able to thrive in the future.

[2] The flower has a green and red spotted petal, which attracts parasitic flies through resemblance to the aphids they lay eggs on.