Papilio joanae, the Ozark swallowtail, is a North American butterfly species in the family Papilionidae.

[3] On both surfaces of the hindwing, the pupil in the eyespot usually touches the edge of the inner margin.

[1] The black adult color pattern characterizing P. polyxenes is presumed to be inherited as a simple autosomal dominant[4] This butterfly is endemic to the Ozark Mountains in the United States.

[3] P. joanae is found in cedar glades and woodland habitats.

The two species may be more easily distinguished by the habitat and host plants upon which the caterpillar feeds, as these differ.