Paraspeckle

[3] Their function is still not fully understood, but they are thought to regulate gene expression by sequestrating proteins or mRNAs with inverted repeats in their 3′ UTRs.

[5][6] Paraspeckles are organised into core-shell spheroidal structures; seven proteins on a scaffold of lncRNA NEAT1 (the 23kb isoform termed NEAT1_2 or NEAT1v2).

[8] It has been noted that Paraspeckles have a great deal of commonality both in features and structures with cytoplasmic stress granules, another type of membrane-less organelle.

[10] Also, a meta-analysis by Fox et al. (2018)[9] links the Paraspeckle's regulation to its ability to sequester or steal component proteins and RNAs.

[9] Hence, based on location Paraspeckles are thought to play a role in cancer regulation, reproduction and viral management.

Wang, Z, Li K, Huang, W (2019),[11] records that quantities of NEAT1 and thus Paraspeckles are increased in digestive system tumours and respiratory cancers.

Furthermore, that expression of NEAT1 is associated with tumour size, stage of cancer, ability to spread and overall patient survival.

[11] However, the function of NEAT1 and Paraspeckles is not always positive, it has been proven that they enhance the malignancy and stemness of breast tumours by increasing the expression of the WNT4 gene.

[4] NEAT1 also affects pregnancy and fertility chances, especially in female mammals whose luteal cells are regulated by Paraspeckles.

[10] This can cause malformation or potential no formation of the corpus luteum leading to infertility, smaller litters, and fewer viable pregnancies.

(b) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as motor neuron disease (c) Partition of components of molecular mixtures into distinct demixed phases (e.g., oil and water).