Parque Dom Pedro II

[1] One of the most problematic areas in terms of security is the pedestrian crossing that separates the park from the Palácio das Indústrias - which has even been nicknamed the "Gaza Strip" - where muggers disguise themselves as homeless people to approach passers-by.

[4] The area became a garbage dump for around five years in the 1870s, but was reclaimed for health reasons and part of Várzea do Carmo was landfilled in the middle of the 19th century, when the river was straightened, and gardens and squares were created.

[3] According to the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo, "legend has it" that the building of the 2nd Guards Battalion, located in the park, was originally a gift from Emperor Pedro I to the Marchioness of Santos, serving as a venue for meetings between the two.

[5] The site would later become the headquarters of one of the Várzea do Carmo estates, the Educandas Seminary and the Alienated People's Hospice, from 1930 onwards the Public Force, and after the 1964 military coup it was taken over by the Army.

[12] The bus terminal was inaugurated on the corner of Avenida do Estado and Rua da Mooca, in 1971, and the Pedro II Metro Station, which began to be built a few years later, caused the park to lose even more green areas.

[14] The urban planner Nestor Goulart Reis, in an interview with O Estado de S. Paulo, declared in 2008 that "in the last seventy years the site has become a patchwork quilt, with only specific measures", and that "there has never been a project for the park as a whole that has been put into practice".

[15] With the migration of the more affluent from the center to other neighborhoods, from the first half of the 20th century onwards, Dom Pedro II Park came to be considered the boundary between the "wealth of the noble part of the capital" and the eastern zone, the "city of workers", in a metaphor quoted by O Estado.

The demolition of the São Vito (a tenement vacated in 2004) and Mercúrio buildings, true symbols of the degradation of the area, aimed to integrate the São Paulo Municipal Market with Parque Dom Pedro II and the Palácio das Indústrias, as well as the demolition of the poorly maintained and underused Diário Popular Viaduct,[16] built in 1969, whose foundations serve as a shelter for homeless people and addicts.

[3] The Kassab administration hired the Foundation for Environmental Research, a body linked to the University of São Paulo, to draw up a new occupation proposal, which was due to be presented in July 2010 at a cost of 500,000 reais.

[24] The municipal secretary for Urban Development, Miguel Bucalem, guaranteed in May 2011 that the intention of the revitalization project was to rescue the park's original function, without giving up "modern needs" and "not as a simple return to the past.

However, in May 2013, the then-Municipal Secretary for Urban Development, Fernando de Mello Franco, revealed that the revitalization project proposed by the previous administration had been discarded.

Palácio das Indústrias, located in Parque Dom Pedro II
The park
Municipal Market, left, Mercúrio and São Vito buildings (now demolished), center, and Diário Popular Viaduct, right
Some of the viaducts that cross the region