Pascual Ortiz Rubio (Spanish pronunciation: [pasˈkwal oɾˈtis ˈruβjo]; 10 March 1877 – 4 November 1963) served as President of Mexico from 1930 to 1932.

Calles was so blatantly in control of the government that Ortiz Rubio resigned the presidency in protest in September 1932.

[2] He was born in Morelia, Michoacán, the son of a lawyer and landowner, Pascual Ortiz de Ayala y Huerta, and Leonor Rubio Cornejo.

He ran against José Vasconcelos, Obregón's Secretary of Public Education, noted for his stance against corruption and Calles's authoritarian rule.

Vasconcelos was a strong opposition candidate who had considerable support among university students, the middle class, and some workers from northeast Mexico.

As Minister of Public Education, the disappointed Aarón Sáenz presidential hopeful served briefly but quickly moved to lead the Ministry of Industry and Commerce.

The cabinet-level position of head of the Federal District that governed Mexico City was initially held by Dr. José Manuel Puig Casauranc.

[11] Alleging excessive interference in his presidency by ex-President Calles, from whom Ortiz demonstrated independence while he was in office[6] and still seriously shaken by an assassination attempt on his life at the very start of his term by Daniel Flores, he fired six shots on rubio car wounding him on the jaw and causing him a physich trauma,he injured two more persons but they received minor injuries , [7] he resigned the presidency on 2 September 1932.

"[13] The follow day, Congress elected a substitute successor, President Abelardo L. Rodríguez, a revolutionary general and another protégé of Calles, who served the remaining two years of the six-year term.