Paternoster lakes are created by recessional moraines, or rock dams, that are formed by the advance and subsequent upstream retreat and melting of the ice.
[1] The local variation in rock types can also be a factor in creating these lakes.
Excellent examples of this occur in California's Sierra Nevada, where many stream courses above 3000 m in elevation contain paternoster lakes.
Another good example can be found in Yoho National Park, Canada.
The presence of a rock glacier in the area points strongly to the glacial origins of this chain of lakes.