New Fatherland (Spanish: Patria Nueva) was a period in the history of Chile that began with the victory of Ejército de los Andes in the Battle of Chacabuco on 12 February 1817 and ended with the resignation of Bernardo O'Higgins as Supreme Director in 1823.

Not long after becoming the Supreme Director of Chile, O'Higgins sent the Aguila, a ship captured in the port of Valparaiso, to rescue Chilean patriots stranded on the Juan Fernández Islands.

O'Higgins formed an army to face the Spanish Empire forces hidden in the port of Talcahuano and the montoneras (traitor patriots, natives and bandits), who were on the shore of the Bio-Bio River.

Organized in 1820 by the government of Chile, the Freedom Expedition of Peru, led by Commanding General José de San Martín and Lord Thomas Cochrane, was one of the central forces leading to the Peruvian War of Independence.

Cochrane would settle the decisive blow to the Royalists in Chile when, in 1820, he seized the Valdivian Fort System, the most fortified place in South America at the time.

After the battle of El Toro, he began to consolidate his army's presence in the southern Chilean region, excluding Chiloé.

[1] O'Higgins, emotional, said goodbye to the audience with the following words: I am sorry not to deposit this insignia before the national assembly, from whom I had recently received it; I am sorry to retire without having consolidated the institutions that it had believed were appropriate for the country and that I had sworn to defend; But I have at least the consolation of leaving Chile independent of all foreign domination, respected abroad, covered with glory for its feats of arms.

I thank Divine Providence that has chosen me as an instrument of such goodness, and that has granted me the strength of mind necessary to resist the immense weight that the hazardous circumstances in which I have exercised command have made weigh upon me.