Trained as a missionary priest, Kelly joined the SMA (Society for African Missions), attending the seminary at Blackrock Road, Cork City.

[citation needed] He was appointed the vicar apostolic of Western Nigeria and titular bishop of Thignica by the Holy See on 11 December 1939 and was consecrated at St. Michael's Church, Ballinasloe on 2 June 1940, but was unable to return to Africa due to World War II until 1941.

[clarification needed] He aided in the construction of dozens of schools and churches in the diocese.

[citation needed] His title changed to Vicar Apostolic of Asaba-Benin in 1943 and Bishop of Benin City in 1950.

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