Paul Augustin Mayer, OSB (23 May 1911 – 30 April 2010) was a German Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

He studied at the University of Salzburg and at the Pontifical Athenaeum of Sant Anselmo in Rome, where he received his doctorate in theology on the writings of Clement of Alexandria.

He taught at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum of Sant Anselmo from 1939 until 1966, serving as its rector from 1949 until 1966.

In 1968 became the abbot-president of the Bavarian Benedictine Congregation, and in 1970 president of the Salzburg Conference of Abbots, positions he held until 1971.

[3] Pope John Paul II named him Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments on 8 April 1984.

He opted for the order of cardinal priests and his deaconry was elevated pro hac vice to title on 29 January 1996.

In 2009, the Saint Benedict Education Foundation announced the establishment of the Paul Augustin Cardinal Mayer, O.S.B., Chair in Sacramental Theology at Sant Anselmo.