Paul Friedrich August Ascherson (June 4, 1834 – March 6, 1913) was a German botanist.
In the 1850s, he started to botanize in Saxony, including several excursions with Ludwig Schneider and Gustav Maass.
In 1860, Ascherson became an assistant at the Botanical Garden in Berlin; in 1865 he also started working at the Royal Herbarium.
Insect collections made by him in Africa are conserved in Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.
published Aschersonia, which is a genus of fungi in the order Hypocreales and family Clavicipitaceae.