Paul Kaznelson (1898–1959) was a Polish-born Czech scientist credited with describing the first case of pure red cell aplasia.

He is also known for his contribution to the discovery of the therapeutic role of splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Much of his academic work appeared in the 1920s and 1930s, when he used to work at the Charles University in Prague.

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