PVS operates a 29.3 miles (47.2 km) line from Saragosa to an interchange with Union Pacific at Pecos.
The railroad's traffic consists mainly of crude oil, sand, gravel, and barite ore.
The line was opened on May 1, 1910, between Pecos and Toyahvale (a distance of 40.1 miles (64.5 km)).
The railroad was popular with tourists who rode trains from Pecos to San Solomon Springs (now Balmorhea State Park).
On September 1, 2012, the Pecos Valley Southern Railroad (PVSR) began operating as a subsidiary of Watco Transportation Services, LLC, under a long-term lease agreement reached with PVSR.