P. americanum P. australicum P. ferrugineum P. manganicum Pedomicrobium is a ubiquitous bacterium dominant in biofilms of man-made aquatic environments such as water distribution systems and bioreactors.

Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, Pedomicrobium is a bacterium that belongs to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae, within the order of Hyphomicrobiales under the class of Alphaproteobacteria, in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Garrity et al., 2001).

Mn is considered a secondary contaminant, which includes substances in water that cause offensive taste, odour, colour, corrosion, foaming, or staining but have no direct effect on health (Herman, 1996).

The sediments produced are responsible for the taste and staining properties of water, which commonly affects laundry, porcelain, dishes, utensils and swimming pools (Vaner et al., 1996).

Sly L. I.; Arunpairojana V. and Hodgkinson M. C.; (1988a); ‘Pedomicrobium manganicum from drinking-water distribution systems with manganese-related “dirty water” problems’; Systematic and Applied Microbiology 11:75–84.