The name Peekamoose is possibly an anglicization of an Algonquin word meaning 'broken off smooth', cf.

[2] Peekamoose Mountain stands within the watershed of Rondout Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River, which drains into New York Bay.

The southwest end of Peekamoose drains into Buttermilk Falls Brook, thence into Rondout Creek.

The west side of Peekamoose drains into Bear Hole Brook, thence into Rondout Creek.

The Long Path, a 350-mile (560 km) long-distance hiking trail from New York City to Albany, crosses the summits of Peekamoose and Table.