Pelangia mbutaensis is a species of rainbowfish endemic to West Papua in Indonesia.

[1] This species was described by Gerald R. Allen in 1988 from types collected from the Lake Mbuta Basin which lies about 8 kilometers northwest of Etna Bay in West Papua.

[2] It is the only known member of its genus,[3] the name Pelangia is derived from the Indonesian word for "rainbow" and the specific name refers to the type locality, the swampy basin of Lake Mbuta.

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